New Testament Greek for Beginners

(Based on the book with the same title by Gresham Machen, The MacMillan Company, 1923)

LESSON XXXII

Conjugation of τίθημι, ἀφίημι, δείκνυμι, and ἀπόλλυμι
Accusative and Infinitive in Result Clauses
The Subjunctive after ἔως

523. Vocabulary

524. The principal parts of the μι verb τίθημι, I place, I put, are as follows:

τίθημι, θήρω, ἔθηκα, τέθεικα, τέθειμαι, ἐτέθην

525. The stem is θε-. The present system is reduplicated after the same manner as δίδωμι. The future is regular. The first aorist is regular except that (like δίδωμι) it has κ instead of σ. The perfect active and the perfect middle are regular except that θε- is lengthened to θει- instead of to θη-. The aorist passive is regular except that (1) the final vowel of the stem is not lengthened, and (2) the stem θε- is changed to τε- to avoid having two θ’s come in successive syllables.

526. Learn the active voice of the present system of τίθημι in §598.

527. The treatment of the stem and of the endings in the present system is very much the same as in the case of δίδωμι. The declension of the participle τιθείς is like that of λυθείς, the aorist passive participle of λύω.

528. Learn the active voice of the aorist system of τίθημι in §599.

529. Like δίδωμι, τίθημι has a first aorist active in the indicative and a second aorist active in the other moods. The second aorist participle θείς is declined like the present participle τιθείς.

530. The present middle and aorist middle forms of τίθημι can easily be recognized when they occur, if it be remembered that the second aorist has the mere verb stem θε-, whereas the present has the stem τιθε-. Thus if a form ἀνεθέμην be encountered, the student should see that ἀν- is plainly the preposition ἀνα-, ε is tho augment, θε is the stem of τίθημι, and -μεν is the secondary ending in the first person singular middle. Therefore, the form is second aorist middle indicative, first person singular. On the other hand, ἐτίθεντο belongs to the present system because it has the τι- which is the sign of the present system; it is imperfect, not present, because it has the augment and a secondary ending. It is evidently imperfect middle or passive indicative, third person plural.

The Conjugation of ἀφίημι

531. ἀφίημι, I let go, I permit, I leave, I forgive, is a compound verb composed of the preposition ἀπό (ἀφ' before the rough breathing) and the μι verb ἵημι. The stem of ἵημι is ἑ-.

532. The forms can usually be recognized if it be remembered that the ἱ- before the stem ἑ- is the sign of the present system, and that the short forms with ἑ- alone are second aorist. Thus ἀφείς is evidently second aorist participle (εἰς coming from the stem ἑ- as θείς from the stem θε-). In the indicative there is a first aorist active in κ instead of σ, as is the case with δίδωμι and τίθημι. The irregular forms of ἀφίημι can be found in the lexicons and reference grammars.

533. Conjugation of δείκνυμι and ἀπόλλυμι

These two verbs have some μι forms in the present system. The μι forms can be recognized from the fact that they add the personal ending directly to the present stem. The present stem ends in υ. Both δείκνυμι and ἀπόλλυμι are also sometimes conjugated like ω verbs even in the present system. See the vocabulary.

Accusative and Infinitive after ὥστε

534. ὥστε, so that, expressing result, is sometimes followed by the accusative and infinitive.

Example: ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτοὺς· ὥστε τὸν ὄχλον θαυμάσαι..., he healed them; so that the crowd marvelled...

535. The accent of ὥστε apparently violates the general rules of accent. But originally the τε was an enclitic separate from the ὥς. So also ὥσπερ and οὔτε (for the latter see vocabulary in Lesson XXXIII).

536. The Subjunctive with ἕως ἄν

The conjunction ἕως, when it means until, takes the subjunctive with ἄν, except when the verb which it introduces refers to an actual occurrence in past time. The ἄν is sometimes omitted. When ἕως means while, it takes the indicative. The phrase ἕως οὗ in which ἕως is a preposition and οὗ the genitive singular neuter of the relative pronoun, has the same meaning as ἕως (conjunction) alone.

Examples:

(1) μείνατε ἕως ἂν ἔλθω, remain until I come
(2) ἔμεινεν ἕως οὗ ἔλθον, he remained until I came (actual occurrence in past time).

537. Exercises

I.

1. διὰ τοῦτο με ὁ πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ ὅτι ἐγὼ τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν μου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν. οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ. ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι αὐτήν, καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἔχω πάλιν λαβεῖν αὐτήν· ταύτην τὴν ἐντολὴν ἔλαβον παρὰ τοῦ πατρός μου.
2. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἐντολὴ ἡ ἐμή, ἵνα ἀγαπᾶτε ἀλλήλους καθὼς ἠγάπησα ὑμᾶς. μείζονα ταύτης ἀγάπην οὐδεἰς ἔχει, ἵνα τις τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ θῇ ὑπὲρ τῶν φίλων αὐτοῦ ^(*1) .

^(*1) φίλος, ὁ, a friend.

3. ἀλλὰ ἐλθὼν ἐπίθες χεῖρά σου ἐπ' αὐτὴν καὶ ζήσεται.
4. ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν Ἄφετε τὰ παιδία καὶ μὴ κωλύετε ^(*2) αὐτὰ ἐλθεῖν πρὸς με· τῶν γὰρ τοιούτων ^(*3) ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν. καὶ ἐπιθεὶς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῖς ἐπορεύθη ἐκεῖθεν ^(*4) .

^(*2) κωλύω, I hinder.
^(*3) τοιοῦτος, τοιαύτη, τοιοῦτο, such. Often used with the article.
^(*4) ἐκεῖθεν, adv., thence.

5. καὶ προσευξάμενοι ἐπέθηκαν αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας.
6. τότε ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ' αὐτούς, καὶ ἐλάμβανον πνεῦμα ἅγιον.
7. ἀκούσαντες δὲ ἐβαπτίσθησαν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ· καὶ ἐπιθέντος αὐτοῖς τοῦ Παύλου ^(*5) χεῖρας ἦλθε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐπ' αὐτούς.

^(*5) Παῦλος, ὁ, Paul.

8. ζωποιεῖ ^(*6) ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὃν θέλει.

^(*6) ζωποιέω, I make alive, I quicken.

9. ὑμεῖς ὃ ἠκούσατε ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, ^(*7) ἐν ὑμῖν μενέτω. ἐὰν ἐν ὑμῖν μεῖνῃ ὃ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς ἠκούσατε, καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρὶ μενεῖτε.

^(*7) In many such phrases the article is omitted in Greek where it is used in English.

10. καὶ ἐγένετο ὡσεὶ ^(*8) νεκρός, ὥστε τοὺς πολλοὺς λέγειν ὅτι ἀπέθανεν.

^(*8) ὡσεί is a strengthened form of ὡς.

11. ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι· μέλλει γὰρ Ἡρῴδης ^(*9) ζητεῖν τὸ παιδίον τοῦ ἀπολέσαι αὐτό.

^(*9) Ἡρῴδης, -ου, ὁ, Herod.

12. Κύριε, σῶσον, ἀπολλύμεθα.
13. καὶ ἀνοίξας τὸ βιβλίον εὖρεν τὸν τόπον.
14. τὰ δὲ ἐκπορευόμενα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ἐκ τῆς καρδίας ἐξέρχεται.
15. οὐ περὶ τούτων δὲ ἐρωτῶ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τῶν πιστευόντων διὰ τοῦ λόγου αὐτῶν εἰς ἐμέ, ἵνα πάντες ἓν ὦσιν, καθὼς σύ, πατήρ, ^(*10) ἐν ἐμοὶ κἀγὼ ἐν σοί, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ὦσιν, ἵνα ὁ κόσμος πιστεύῃ ὅτι σύ με ἀπέστειλας.

^(*10) πατήρ has a vocative form, πάτερ. But even such nouns sometimes use the nominative form in the vocative case.

16. εἶπεν οὖν ὁ Ἰησοῦς Ἔτι χρόνον μικρὸν μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι καὶ ὑπάγω πρὸς τὸν πέμψαντά με.
17. ὅτε δὲ ἤγγισεν ὁ καιρὸς τῶν καρπῶν, ἀπέστειλεν τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ.
18. αὐτὸς δὲ σωθήσεται, οὗτως δὲ ὡς διὰ πυρός.

II.

1. This commandment he laid upon them, that they should lay down their lives in behalf of their brethren.
2. If ye forgive those who persecute you, I also will forgive you.
3. When the men had found him who had done this thing they left him and went away.
4. Having put the body into the tomb he went away.
5. We saw those who were laying down their lives in behalf of the children.
6. The women saw where the body was placed.
7. We shall question him until he answers us.
8. We ought to give thanks to Him who has forgiven us our sins.
9. We did not know Him, but He knew us.
10. Give me the body in order that I may place it in a tomb.
11. He showed all things to you, in order that you might place them in your hearts.
12. The apostle answered and said to those who were questioning him that he would not put these gifts into the temple.
13. After we had seen the sign which Jesus had shown to us, we believed on Him.